EFFECTIVENESS OF REVERSE DISTRIBUTION IN GREEN LOGISTICS: AN ANALYSIS ON GAZİANTEP ORGANIZED INDUSTRIAL ZONE

Abstract

This study investigates the environmental sustainability strategies and the strategic
significance of green distribution and reverse logistics among enterprises operating in
Organized Industrial Zones (OIZs). The primary objective is to assess the role of firms in
mitigating their environmental footprint and promoting sustainable logistics practices. A
survey was administered to 230 executives in the Gaziantep OIZ, and the collected data were
analyzed using Factor Analysis, Independent Samples T-test, and Regression Analysis.

The results indicate that green distribution and reverse logistics activities remain at a
relatively low level, highlighting the need for further efforts to enhance environmental
sustainability. Significant statistical differences were observed in reverse logistics
engagement based on the number of employees and the operational lifespan of firms. Newer
companies and those with a larger workforce tend to exhibit a greater commitment to reverse
logistics. Furthermore, larger firms and those with shorter operational histories perform more
effectively in reverse logistics, potentially due to factors such as resource allocation,
operational capacity, and innovation capabilities.

Additionally, strong and statistically significant positive correlations were identified
between the Environmental Management System (EMS), Environmental Performance, and
reverse logistics activities related to stock management and usage/transportation processes.
The findings emphasize the crucial role of environmental management and performance in

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shaping reverse logistics strategies. Moreover, the study underscores the significant impact of
environmental performance on reverse logistics practices, suggesting that companies should
prioritize these activities to improve their sustainability performance.

Based on these insights, the study recommends that businesses formulate targeted
environmental sustainability strategies by taking into account sector-specific differences,
regulatory incentives, and awareness-raising initiatives.